专利摘要:
In a foundation for a windmill having a circular or polygonal base for supporting a windmill tower and a plurality of ribs projecting radially outwardly from the pedestal, the pedestal is divided into a plurality of peripheral sections, wherein a peripheral section and a rib are each formed by at least one prefabricated concrete element and wherein the prefabricated concrete elements consist of reinforced concrete having a first reinforcing structure which comprises radial tensioning elements, in particular tensioning rods or tensioning cables, for clamping together the prefabricated concrete elements. There is further provided a second reinforcing structure which holds the peripheral portions together and is coupled to the first reinforcing structure, in particular the radial tensioning elements.
公开号:AT519189A1
申请号:T439/2016
申请日:2016-09-26
公开日:2018-04-15
发明作者:
申请人:Holcim Technology Ltd;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

The invention relates to a foundation for a windmill with a circular or polygonal base for supporting a windmill tower and a plurality of ribs which protrude radially outward from the base, the base being divided into a plurality of peripheral sections, a peripheral section and a rib each being made up of at least one Concrete element are formed, wherein the prefabricated concrete elements consist of reinforced concrete, which has a first reinforcement structure, which comprises radial clamping elements for clamping the prefabricated concrete elements.
The invention further relates to a wind turbine with a
Mast and a rotor mounted on the mast, the mast being mounted on a foundation.
A high level of manual and administrative effort is required to manufacture the foundation of onshore wind turbines, and the production is very time-consuming. In view of the increasing dimensions of modern wind turbines, the foundation is exposed to very high loads and must be dimensioned accordingly. Today's wind turbines have a tower with a height of up to 150 m and generate up to 6 MW. In the majority of cases, the tower or mast of wind turbines is made of reinforced concrete and is built using prefabricated concrete elements. Alternatively, the windmill tower can also be formed by a steel structure.
So far, the foundations for wind turbines have essentially been by digging out an excavation pit, introducing a granular substructure, and building one
28.2
Foundation component, export of the necessary formwork and reinforcement work and subsequent filling of the excavation pit with in-situ concrete, whereby the concrete was transported as ready-mixed concrete to the work place by ready-mixed trucks and poured into the excavation pit. The central foundation component usually has a hollow cylindrical configuration and is generally prefabricated and transported as a unit to the respective assembly site.
The manufacture of a windmill foundation by in-situ concrete is associated with a number of disadvantages. It requires complex logistics for planning the manufacturing activities on the construction site and is associated with time-consuming and costly operations on the construction site with regard to the erection of the formwork and the reinforcement structure as well as the transportation and pouring of the concrete. This is particularly true in view of the fact that up to 1000 m 3 of concrete may be required for large foundations.
In order to improve the construction process of a foundation, it was already proposed in WO 2004/101898 A2 to build the foundation using prefabricated concrete elements. Such concrete elements are manufactured in a prefabrication plant and transported to the work site, where they are positioned using a crane and then connected to one another. In this way, the duration of the construction processes at the workplace can be reduced considerably. The prefabricated concrete elements, when connected to each other, form a foundation with a central base and several ribs, each of which protrude radially outwards from the base. each
3.28
Pre-fabricated concrete element forms one of the ribs and an associated circumferential section of the pedestal. • ······ ··· • · • · · ·· • · · ·· · • · · ·· · • · ·· , The peripheral sections of the base are connected to each other by screwed flanges. As described in WO 2004/101898 A2, the prefabricated concrete elements can be reinforced with steel. After the foundation has been formed, the tower or mast of the windmill is erected on the stand and attached to the stand using anchor bolts.
Furthermore, a foundation is known from EP 2475872 B1, which consists of prefabricated concrete elements and in which the concrete elements are clamped together with the aid of clamping elements.
By using prefabricated concrete elements, the elements can be manufactured in a controlled environment so that the quality of the hardened concrete can be improved. From a financial point of view, the molds used in a prefabrication plant can be reused many times before they need to be replaced, so that the cost of the mold or formwork per unit is lower than that of in-situ concrete manufacturing, each time with a dedicated one and requires reusable formwork.
Wind turbines are exposed to loads and stresses of a specific nature that must be absorbed by the foundation. The wind itself works in an unpredictable and changeable way. On the other hand, with ever larger systems, dynamic load components due to vibrations and resonances affect the structure. Further
4/28 transmit towers with a height of 100 meters and more due to the occurring tilting moment considerable eccentric loads on the foundation. The concrete of the foundation must withstand a compression that occurs in the compressed zone, and the reinforcement structure of the concrete must absorb the tensile forces in the opposite part of the foundation, because the concrete itself has a relatively low tensile strength.
Foundations made from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements have the advantage that the performance and quality of the concrete are higher, so that there is less risk of crack formation and greater resistance to dynamic and static loads. A disadvantage, however, is that, in contrast to foundations cast from in-situ concrete, no monolithic structure is provided, so that technical solutions for securely connecting the prefabricated concrete elements to one another to imitate a monolithic structure have to be developed.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved foundation for a windmill, which consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, but behaves similarly to a monolithic foundation in order to withstand high static and dynamic loads.
To achieve these and other objects, the invention provides a foundation for a windmill of the type defined in the introduction, which has a circular or polygonal base for supporting a windmill tower and several ribs
5/28 • ·
«· ·· ········ • · · · · · • ·· ···· · • · · · · · • · · · · · ·· ·· ··· · that is from Stand radially outward, the stand being divided into a plurality of circumferential sections, a circumferential section and a rib each being formed by at least one prefabricated concrete element, the prefabricated concrete elements consisting of reinforced concrete which has a first reinforcing structure which has radial clamping elements for clamping together which comprises prefabricated concrete elements, and is characterized in that a second reinforcement structure is provided which holds the prefabricated concrete elements together and is coupled to the first reinforcement structure.
The second reinforcement structure can be of any type which is suitable for rigidly holding the prefabricated concrete elements together to form a monolithic structure. The second reinforcement structure is different from the first reinforcement structure and is therefore preferably neither embedded in the prefabricated concrete elements nor formed by tensioning elements penetrating the concrete elements. According to a feature of the invention, the second reinforcement structure is coupled to the first reinforcement structure, which enables an uninterrupted load path between the reinforcement structures, so that the forces introduced into the foundation are effectively distributed. In the context of the invention, coupling the first and second reinforcement structures means that the forces acting on the first reinforcement structure are transmitted to the second reinforcement structure without interposing concrete, and vice versa. Accordingly, the first and second reinforcement structures can be directly or
28.6
♦ ······ ···· ·· • · · · · · · • · · · ··· · ··· ♦ · · ·· · · • · · ·· · · • · e · ··· ·· can be connected to each other using a rigid connecting element other than concrete.
The first reinforcement structure has radial tensioning elements, which preferably consist of steel or a similar tensile material. The tensioning elements preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the ribs. The radial prestressing elements serve to expose the prefabricated concrete elements to a compressive force in the sense of prestressed concrete, thereby increasing the tensile strength of the concrete elements. The prestress is preferably applied after the concrete has hardened. For this purpose, the clamping elements, e.g.
Tensioning rods, profiles, wires or strands, usually inserted into a sheet metal or plastic cladding tube and concreted into the concrete element with anchor bodies at both ends without prestressing. After the concrete has set, the tensioning elements are tensioned on the anchors. If a single concrete element forms a circumferential section of the base and a rib, at least one tensioning element extends in the radial direction of the foundation through the entire concrete element and prestresses it. In the event that at least two concrete elements adjoining one another in the radial direction jointly form a circumferential section of the base and a rib, the at least one clamping element extends through the respective plurality of concrete elements and has the additional function of clamping the concrete elements together.
The tensioning elements are preferably arranged in such a way that they only pre-tension or tie together only one peripheral section and an associated rib. It is therefore not provided here that the tensioning elements overlap
7/28 ·· ·· ···· ···· ·· ·· ♦ ···· ·· ·· • · · ···· ····· · ···· ·· ·· · ·· ···· ·· ·· · ·· ·· ··· 9 »· extend the diameter of the foundation and thus clamp together two concrete elements opposite each other with respect to the foundation axis.
A preferred embodiment provides that a plurality of radial clamping elements are arranged distributed over the height of the concrete elements forming the base and the ribs.
The first reinforcement structure can additionally comprise a reinforcement made of steel rods or the like embedded in the concrete.
The second reinforcement structure preferably has a plurality of rigid elongated reinforcement elements, in particular steel profiles or rods, which each connect tension elements of a pair of prefabricated concrete elements arranged opposite to one another in such a way that a cavity is traversed which is encircled by the pedestal. The elongated reinforcement elements of the second reinforcement structure are coupled to the first reinforcement structure, in particular to the radial tensioning elements. In this way, the tensioning elements of oppositely arranged prefabricated concrete elements are connected to one another by the elongate reinforcement elements of the second reinforcement structure, a load transmission path being formed between the first reinforcement structure of the oppositely arranged prefabricated concrete elements. As a result, the expansion load that is exerted on the foundation as a result of a bending moment of the tower is not only exerted by the first / 28th
♦ ······ ···· ·· ·· ♦ ···· ·· ·· • · · «··· · ··« e e ♦ · · · ·· ··· ·· · · · ·· ·· ··· · M 8 reinforcing structure is recorded on one side
of the foundation is arranged, but also on the first
Reinforcement structure is transmitted, which is arranged on the opposite side of the foundation.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, each pair of oppositely arranged prefabricated concrete elements is connected by means of one of the rigid elongate reinforcement elements. In this way, several elongated reinforcing elements, in particular steel rods or profiles, cross the cavity encircled by the pedestal. Because these traversing elongate reinforcement elements are all arranged diametrically, they meet in the center of the base, so that a symmetrical arrangement is achieved, which ensures an optimal distribution of the forces within the entire foundation.
The elongated reinforcement elements can cross the base in a horizontal plane. Preferably, the rigid elongate reinforcement elements are each fastened on the one hand in an upper region of the base to a tensioning element of one concrete element of the pair of oppositely arranged concrete elements and on the other hand in a lower region of the base to a tensioning element of the other concrete element of the pair of oppositely arranged concrete elements, so that they extend obliquely to the horizontal axis. Therefore, the clamping elements of oppositely arranged prefabricated concrete elements in at least two different levels, such as coupled in an upper and a lower level.
28.9
In this context, it is advantageous if the rigid elongate reinforcement elements are connected to one another at their crossing point, which is preferably arranged on an axis of the base. In this way, a center is provided in the axis of symmetry of the foundation, which enables load distribution in different directions.
With regard to the coupling between the first reinforcement structure and the second reinforcement structure, a preferred embodiment provides that the second reinforcement structure is coupled to the first reinforcement structure, in particular the radial clamping elements, by means of a screw or welded connection.
The cavity within the pedestal can be used for various purposes, such as storage or maintenance, and can therefore be provided with stairs, platforms, etc. The cavity can also be used for installing, accessing, and maintaining tension cables, the tension cables being arranged to stabilize the tower or mast of the windmill.
According to a preferred embodiment, the prefabricated concrete elements have a base plate for supporting the rib and are formed integrally therewith. Accordingly, the prefabricated concrete elements can have a cross-section in the form of an inverted T, the horizontal T-bar being formed by the base plate and the vertical T-bar being formed by the rib. However, the rib does not necessarily have to be strictly in the form of a vertical bar. The rib can too
10/28 have a cross section that narrows towards the tip. Alternatively, the prefabricated concrete elements can also have a cross section in the form of an “I. Such a shape is achieved starting from the inverted T-shape described above by an upper horizontal bar, which is preferably parallel to the lower horizontal T-bar.
Furthermore, the height of the rib can preferably increase continuously towards the base. A continuously increasing height of the rib makes it possible to adapt the cross-sectional area of the rib to the spread of force, and it can be achieved, for example, by designing the upper surface or the upper edge of the rib as a ramp which rises towards the base. Alternatively, the rib may have a curved, namely concave configuration of the top surface or the top edge. In any case, the height of the rib towards the base can increase to reach the height of the base at the point where the rib merges with the base.
In order to close the cavity within the base at its bottom, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the base plate has an edge section which projects inwards into the cavity encircled by the base. In particular, the edge sections of all the prefabricated concrete elements jointly form a circumferential, in particular circular, rim which circumferentially supports a central base plate which is arranged on the base of the pedestal.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the prefabricated concrete elements are made by little 11/28
• · ♦ · · · · ··· ··· ·· · · · · at least one tension cable, which is arranged in a circumferential, in particular circular passage, which is formed in the base, tightened together. Such cables have the function of an additional reinforcement structure, in contrast to the second reinforcement structure according to the invention, however, the cables are not coupled to the first reinforcement structure embedded in the prefabricated concrete elements.
Instead of tension cables extending in the circumferential direction, it is also possible to provide tangential tension elements, in particular tension rods or tension cables, which tension together adjacent peripheral sections of the base.
When the prefabricated concrete elements are tightened together, the side surfaces of adjacent peripheral sections of the base are pressed against each other. For precise alignment of the adjacent peripheral sections with one another, the side surfaces can have form-fitting elements in the manner of a tongue and groove arrangement, which interact with one another in order to ensure the relative position of the segments.
The installation of the prefabricated concrete elements at the work site is considerably simplified if, according to a preferred embodiment, adjacent prefabricated concrete elements are circumferentially spaced apart in their sections which protrude from the base. In particular, the base plates have a width dimension such that the base plates of adjacent prefabricated concrete elements do not touch one another. In this way, the manufacturing tolerances in the
12/28 »99 · ···· ··
«« ·· 999 · ♦ · · 9 «• · · 9» • · · · 9 ·· ··· 9 · • · ···
Production of the prefabricated concrete elements can be achieved.
The concrete used to manufacture the prefabricated concrete elements can be of any type that is typically also used for pouring concrete at the point of use. In addition to aggregates and water, concrete contains Portland cement as a hydraulic binder.
Fiber reinforced concrete can also be used to make the prefabricated concrete elements. The fibers can be made from any fiber material that contributes to increasing the structural integrity, particularly strength, impact resistance and / or durability, of the resulting concrete structure. Fiber reinforced concrete contains short discrete reinforcing fibers that are evenly distributed and randomly oriented.
The reinforcing fibers are preferably carbon fibers, synthetic fibers and in particular polypropylene fibers. Alternatively, the reinforcing fibers can be steel fibers, glass fibers or natural fibers.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Fig. 1 shows a windmill foundation in a perspective view, Fig. 2 shows a prefabricated concrete elements which is used in the foundation according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the foundation according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 shows a partial view of the 1 in a plan view.
13/28
44 • 4 4444 • 444 44• 4 4 • • • • • • · 444 • • 44 • 4 • 4 • 4 4 4 4 4 • • • • 4 4 4 · 44 • 44 4 44
• 4 ·
444 •
• ·
1 shows a foundation 1 which has a plurality of prefabricated concrete elements 3. The foundation 1 has a circular base 2 in the form of a hollow cylinder for supporting a windmill tower. The foundation 1 also has a plurality of ribs 5 which protrude radially outward from the base 2. The pedestal 2 is divided into a plurality of peripheral sections 4 (FIG. 2), a peripheral section 4 and a rib 5 each being formed integrally with one another as a prefabricated concrete element 3, as shown in FIG. 2. The prefabricated concrete element 3 has a base plate 6, which is also formed integrally with the rib 5. The prefabricated concrete elements 3 consist of reinforced concrete with reinforcing bars which are embedded in the prefabricated concrete elements 3.
Although the ribs in Fig. 2 are shown as a prefabricated concrete element consisting of a single piece, the ribs can also be composed of two or more rib sections. This is particularly advantageous if a rib is to be realized, the radial length of which exceeds the permissible length of conventional transport devices. In particular, two or more rib sections can be produced as separate prefabricated concrete elements, which are transported separately to the work site and rigidly assembled to one another at the work site.
1, 2 and 3 it can be seen that the prefabricated concrete elements 3 have an I-shaped cross section, the base plate 6 and a
14/28
Cover plate 24 are integrally connected to one another by the web of the rib 5.
For the exact alignment of the adjacent peripheral sections 4 with one another, the side surfaces can have form-fitting elements (not shown) in the manner of a trapezoidal tongue and groove arrangement, which interact with one another in order to ensure the relative position of the elements 3.
As can be seen in FIG. 1, the pedestal 2 is divided in the height direction into a base ring section 18 and into an adapter ring section 19. The base ring section 18 is formed by the peripheral sections 4. The adapter ring section 19 is arranged on the base ring section 18 and comprises two rings of prefabricated concrete elements arranged one above the other, the lower ring being formed by two segments 20 and the upper ring being formed by two segments 21. The segments 20 and 21 each extend over an angle of 180 ° and are formed by prefabricated concrete elements. The division of the rings is offset by 90 °.
The adapter ring section provides a horizontal surface on its top, on which the windmill tower (not shown) is set up. Anchor bolts 8 are provided for fastening the windmill tower.
The space between the prefabricated concrete elements 3 is bridged by bridging plates 14, which are divided into two. An inner bridging plate is 14 'and an outer bridging plate is 14' '
15/28
designated. The bridging plates 14 'and 14' 'lie with a stepped edge on the associated one
Edges of the base plate 6 of the concrete elements 3. The
Bridging plates can be fastened with bolts to the base plate 6 of the prefabricated concrete elements 3.
The reinforcement structure of the foundation 1 can be seen in the sectional view according to FIG. 3. The first reinforcement structure comprises, in addition to the reinforcement rods made of steel, not shown, embedded in the prefabricated concrete elements 3, the tensioning elements 22. The tensioning elements 22 each pass through a passage formed in the concrete elements 3 and are designed as tension rods or tensioning wires or ropes made of steel, the latter of which protruding ends of the concrete element have stop elements which are tensioned against the concrete element 3, so that the tensioning elements are loaded under tension. A second reinforcement structure is coupled to the tensioning elements 22, which is formed by steel rods or steel profiles 10 and connects the tensioning elements 22 of oppositely arranged concrete elements 3 in an X-shaped manner so that they pass through a cavity 12 which is encircled by the base 2. The coupling of the steel profiles 10 to the tensioning elements 22 takes place via schematically illustrated coupling elements 25 to which the tensioning elements 22 or the steel profiles 10 are screwed or welded. The x-shaped configuration of the steel profiles 10 is achieved in that the steel profiles 10 are fastened to a central element 26, from which the steel profiles 10 extend in a star shape.
/ 28
4 that neighboring prefabricated concrete elements 3 are braced against one another in the region of the peripheral sections 4 of the pedestal 2 with the aid of tangential clamping elements 23. The tensioning elements 23 pass through passages which are formed in the prefabricated concrete elements 3 and are preferably made of steel. The tensioning elements 23 can be formed by tensioning rods or ropes. In order to provide suitable stop surfaces, the prefabricated concrete elements at the transition from the peripheral sections 4 to the ribs 5 each have inclined transition sections 27, the stop surfaces of which run perpendicular to the tangential clamping elements 23. On each prefabricated concrete element 3, a first clamping element 23 engages, which braces the concrete element 3 in question with the closest concrete element 3 on the right, and a second clamping element 23, which clamps the relevant one
Concrete element 3 braced with the closest left concrete element 3.
权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
claims:
1. Foundation for a windmill with a circular or polygonal base for supporting a windmill tower and a plurality of ribs which protrude radially outward from the base, the base being divided into a plurality of peripheral sections, a peripheral section and a rib each being formed by at least one prefabricated concrete element , wherein the prefabricated concrete elements consist of reinforced concrete, which has a first reinforcing structure, which comprises radial tensioning elements, in particular tension rods or tensioning cables, for tightening the prefabricated concrete elements, characterized in that a second reinforcing structure is provided which holds the peripheral sections together and with which first reinforcing structure, in particular the radial clamping elements, is coupled.
[2]
2. Foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the second reinforcing structure has a plurality of rigid elongated reinforcing elements, in particular steel profiles or rods, which each connect clamping elements of a pair of prefabricated concrete elements arranged opposite to one another in such a way that a cavity traverses which is encircled by the pedestal.
[3]
3. Foundation according to claim 2, characterized in that each pair of oppositely arranged prefabricated concrete elements is connected by means of one of the rigid elongate reinforcing elements.
18/28
[4]
4. Foundation according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rigid elongate reinforcing elements are each fastened on the one hand in an upper region of the base to a clamping element of a concrete element of the pair of oppositely arranged concrete elements and on the other hand in a lower region of the base on a clamping element of other concrete element of the pair of oppositely arranged concrete elements are attached.
[5]
5. Foundation according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the rigid elongate reinforcing elements are interconnected at their crossing point, which is preferably arranged on an axis of the base.
[6]
6. Foundation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second reinforcement structure is coupled to the first reinforcement structure, in particular the radial clamping elements, by means of a screw or welded connection.
[7]
7. Foundation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the height of the rib increases continuously towards the base.
[8]
8. Foundation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of radial clamping elements is arranged distributed over the height of the concrete elements forming the base and the ribs.
19/28 • · · · • · · <
• · · · ·] _
[9]
9. Foundation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that tangential tensioning elements, in particular tensioning rods or tensioning cables, are provided, which clamp together adjacent peripheral sections of the base.
[10]
10. Wind turbine, in particular on-shore wind turbine, with a mast and a rotor mounted on the mast, the mast being mounted on a foundation according to one of claims 1 to 9.
类似技术:
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
US10724204B2|2020-07-28|
EP3516134A1|2019-07-31|
ES2895967T3|2022-02-23|
AR109719A1|2019-01-16|
CN109844243B|2021-06-15|
AU2017330583A1|2019-02-28|
WO2018055446A1|2018-03-29|
CN109844243A|2019-06-04|
AT519189B1|2020-04-15|
DK3516134T3|2021-09-13|
EP3516134B1|2021-08-04|
US20200018035A1|2020-01-16|
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法律状态:
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
ATA439/2016A|AT519189B1|2016-09-26|2016-09-26|Foundation for a windmill|ATA439/2016A| AT519189B1|2016-09-26|2016-09-26|Foundation for a windmill|
EP17780514.0A| EP3516134B1|2016-09-26|2017-09-20|Foundation for a windmill|
PCT/IB2017/001147| WO2018055446A1|2016-09-26|2017-09-20|Foundation for a windmill|
DK17780514.0T| DK3516134T3|2016-09-26|2017-09-20|Foundation for a wind turbine|
ES17780514T| ES2895967T3|2016-09-26|2017-09-20|Foundation for a windmill|
CN201780059378.0A| CN109844243B|2016-09-26|2017-09-20|Foundation for windmill|
AU2017330583A| AU2017330583A1|2016-09-26|2017-09-20|Foundation for a windmill|
US16/336,382| US10724204B2|2016-09-26|2017-09-20|Foundation for a windmill|
ARP170102655A| AR109719A1|2016-09-26|2017-09-26|BASE FOR WIND TURBINES|
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